In 1504, an engraving by the German painter Albrecht Dürer and a 1533 painting by German painter, Lucas Cranach the Elder, depicted the fruit as an apple, according to NPR. Yet by the 16th century, the apple had also entered the proverbial fruit bowl. Why does Christianity have so many denominations? They didn't always show an apple: Artistic renderings of the "Fall from Eden" depicted the fruit as a citron (" Ghent Altarpiece " by Hubert and Jan van Eyck, 1432), as an apricot (" Eve Tempted By the Serpent" by Defendente Ferrari, 1520-25), and as a pomegranate (" The Fall of Man" by Peter Paul Rubens, 1628-29), according to Appelbaum. "Artists, more than writers, had to show something," he said. In art, unlike in writing, a fruit cannot be purely generic, Appelbaum said. Meanwhile, paintings and other artistic recreations of the Garden of Eden have helped solidify the apple as the forbidden fruit. So it's a pun, referring to the fruit associated with humans' first big mistake with a word that also means essentially that. Jerome likely chose the word "malum" to mean fruit, because the very same word can also mean evil, Appelbaum said. Apple had this generic meaning until the 17th century, according to the Online Etymological Dictionary. But it was a generic term as well," Appelbaum told Live Science. with a core of seeds in the middle and flesh around it. "The word in Latin translates into a word in English, apple, which also stood for any fruit. As part of that project, Jerome translated the Hebrew "peri" into the Latin "malum," according to Robert Appelbaum, a professor emeritus of English literature at Uppsala University in Sweden and the author of "Aguecheek's Beef, Belch's Hiccup, and Other Gastronomic Interjections" (University of Chicago Press, 2006). 382., when Pope Damasus I asked a scholar named Jerome to translate the Bible into Latin, according to Encyclopedia Britannica. Instead, the possible path from fruit to apple began in Rome in A.D. "I don't think that within Jewish tradition it ever did become the apple, meaning in Jewish art, you don't find that," Zivotofsky said. It turns out this interpretation likely didn't originate in Jewish lore, Zibotofsky said. Given all of these potential forbidden fruits, how did apples - which aren't even from the Middle East, but from Kazakhstan in Central Asia, according to a 2017 study in the journal Nature Communications - become the predominant interpretation? The lemon-like citron fruit is called an "etrog" in Hebrew. Finally, the rabbis wrote that it might have been a citron, or "etrog" in Hebrew - a bittersweet, lemon-like fruit used during the Jewish fall festival of Sukkot, a harvest celebration in which Jews erect temporary dwellings. Grapes, or wine made from grapes, are another possibility. Or maybe, some rabbis wrote, it was wheat, because the Hebrew word for wheat, "chitah," is similar to the word for sin, "cheit," Zivotofsky said. Over the years, rabbis have written that the fruit could have been a fig, because in the Hebrew Bible, Adam and Eve realized they were naked after eating from the tree of knowledge, and then used fig leaves to cover themselves. 500, have noted several ideas about the mystery fruit's identity, but - spoiler alert - apple is not one of them, Zivotofsky said. Rabbis commenting on the Hebrew Bible in the Talmud, a collection of rabbinic teachings and biblical law, and other writings completed by around A.D. So, if the forbidden fruit wasn't an apple, what was it? (It does appear in other, later biblical texts.) In biblical times, "tapuach," was a word for generic fruit. The modern Hebrew word for apple, "tapuach," on the other hand, does not appear anywhere in Genesis or in the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, Zivotofsky said. The Hebrew word used in that verse is "peri," a generic word for fruit in both biblical and modern Hebrew, according to Zivotofsky. We don't know what kind of tree, we don't know what fruit." She also gave some to her husband, and he ate" (Genesis 3:6), according to the Jewish Publication Society's translation at .Īs for the type of fruit, it's described as "just the 'fruit of the tree,'" Zivotofsky said. "When the woman saw that the tree was good for eating and a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was desirable as a source of wisdom, she took of its fruit and ate.
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